This volume presents a comprehensive analysis of the water governance challenges associated with adaptation in the face of increasing climate change impacts across various scales and sectors. It begins with an overview of the current state of water governance in Sri Lanka, highlighting key challenges in adaptation. Subsequent sections examine the physical, political, and socioeconomic context of the water sector, followed by an exploration of governance issues specific to climate change adaptation. The volume also addresses governance challenges across various water use sectors, including major and medium irrigation, minor irrigation, fisheries, livestock, and non-agricultural sectors such as domestic, industrial, and power use. Further sections cover policy, institutional, and technical dimensions critical to effective climate change adaptation and sustainable water governance. The volume concludes by presenting policy recommendations and outlining future research needs to support more resilient and adaptive water governance frameworks in Sri Lanka.